Bioflo De Novo Engineering & Structural Validation Suite

De Novo Bioreactor & Custom Novel Reactor Design: Advanced Structural Validation & Multiphase CFD Simulations

In de novo bioreactor development, the objective is not conventional scale-up, but validating novel structural topologies, custom fluidic boundaries, and unproven hydrodynamic mechanisms. Bioflo applies first-principles Eulerian Two-Phase CFD modeling, Population Balance bubble dynamics (PBM), and Kolmogorov microscale shear mapping to validate new reactor structures in silico prior to physical machining and tooling.

Computational Solver: OpenFOAM® v2312 (twoPhaseEulerFoam / pimpleDyMFoam)

Validation Focus: Topology Proof-of-Concept, Eddy η ≥ 2.5 d_cell, Zero Caverns

Archetypes Covered: Airlift (ALR), Oscillatory Baffled (OBR), Asymmetric Dual-Rotor, Torus, MABR, Helical Peristaltic

Structural Feasibility

100% In-Silico

Eliminating custom machining rework by validating fluidic loop head & vortex dynamics before fabrication.

Plug-Flow Uniformity

Pe > 85

Narrow residence time distribution (RTD σ_θ² < 0.03) validated in oscillatory baffle columns.

Microscale Shear Safety

η ≥ 2.5 d_cell

Proving turbulent dissipative eddies stay safely larger than fragile cell boundaries in >99.2% volume.

Stagnant Dead Volume

V_dead < 1.0%

Eradicating yield-stress cavern boundaries in high-viscosity fungal and mycelial fermentation geometries.

1. Structural Validation of Novel Bioreactor Geometries (The De Novo Mission)

In biopharmaceutical innovation, cellular agriculture, high-density microbial fermentation, and enzyme biocatalysis, process developers frequently invent radically new physical configurations — such as pneumatically driven concentric airlift loops, tri-orifice oscillatory baffled columns, Taylor-Couette vortex devices, counter-diffusion hollow-fiber MABRs, and 3D-printed helical-channel wave reactors.

For these unproven geometries, the core objective is not volumetric scaling, but structural and hydrodynamic validation:

Verifying Novel Hydrodynamic Topologies: Confirming that custom internal geometries (e.g., draft-tube area ratios, baffle chamfer angles, dual-rotor offsets) establish the intended fluid circulation loop without flow starvation or short-circuiting.
Eliminating Pre-Fabrication Tooling Risk: Discovering and fixing stagnant caverns, cavitation hazards, and shear hotspots computationally before committing tens of thousands of dollars to CNC machining, acrylic casting, or additive manufacturing.
Spatial Microscale Verification: Mapping Kolmogorov length scales (η) point-by-point to guarantee zero shear lysis for fragile mammalian cells, microcarrier cultures, or shear-sensitive filamentous fungi.

Bioflo replaces guesswork with rigorous first-principles 3D OpenFOAM® CFD simulations to provide definitive engineering proof-of-concept for custom bioreactor structures.

2. Novel Bioreactor Archetypes & Structural Hydrodynamic Regimes

Concentric Draft-Tube Airlift Bioreactor

ALR-CDT

Pneumatically driven, seal-less, low-shear bubble-circulation reactor

A vertical cylindrical vessel with an internal concentric draft tube. Gas injected into the riser reduces bulk density, generating a steady hydrostatic pressure difference that drives continuous liquid downcomer circulation without mechanical impellers or rotary shaft seals.

Flow Regime: Pneumatic Circulation

Typical Volume: 2 L to 15,000 L

Specific Power (P/V): 0.15 – 0.65 kW/m³

Volumetric k_La: 45 – 220 h⁻¹

Kolmogorov Eddy Scale (η): ≥ 78 μm

OpenFOAM Engine: twoPhaseEulerFoam (Eulerian Multiphase with PBM)

Key Engineering Advantages:

Zero moving parts — eliminating rotating shaft seals and particulate contamination risks
Ultra-narrow, homogeneous shear stress profile preserving shear-sensitive cell lines
High energy efficiency with circulation driven purely by sparging buoyancy forces
Straightforward sanitary CIP/SIP with no baffle fillet pinch-points or hub crevices

Target Biology & Cell Lines:

Mammalian CHO / HEK293 suspension cellsPlant cell suspension cultures (e.g., Taxus, Ginseng)Microalgae and cyanobacterial biomanufacturingFilamentous fungi prone to mycelial shearing

Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

OBR-CFD

High-intensity vortex-shedding plug-flow reactor with decoupled mixing

A tubular or column reactor with periodically spaced annular or tri-orifice orifice baffles subjected to controlled fluid oscillation. The interaction of oscillatory flow with baffles generates intense, symmetrical toroidal eddy pairs, achieving high mass transfer and plug-flow mixing completely decoupled from net flow velocity.

Flow Regime: Oscillatory Vortex Shedding

Typical Volume: 0.5 L to 2,500 L

Specific Power (P/V): 0.40 – 2.20 kW/m³

Volumetric k_La: 120 – 450 h⁻¹

Kolmogorov Eddy Scale (η): ≥ 34 μm

OpenFOAM Engine: pimpleFoam (Dynamic Mesh / Oscillating Flow Boundary)

Key Engineering Advantages:

Uncouples residence time (RTD) from mixing intensity for true continuous bioprocessing
Near-ideal plug flow (Peclet number Pe > 80, Bodenstein Bo > 100) in long-retention processes
Intense gas-liquid and liquid-liquid interfacial area generation (a > 600 m²/m³)
10x smaller footprint compared to stirred tank cascades for continuous crystallization & bioconversions

Target Biology & Cell Lines:

Continuous perfusion bioprocesses & enzymatic biocatalysisHigh-throughput continuous crystallization & polymerizationBacterial fermentations (E. coli, B. subtilis) requiring intense OTRFast chemical synthesis & multiphase micro-emulsions

Asymmetric High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller Bioreactor

HVR-ASYM

Engineered for non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and high-solid broths

A customized de novo vessel combining a top wide-blade high-efficiency axial down-pumping hydrofoil with a bottom close-clearance concave-blade gas dispersion turbine (Scaba/Elephant Ear hybrid) to eliminate stagnant caverns in non-Newtonian mycelial and high-viscosity broths.

Flow Regime: Asymmetric Dual-Flow

Typical Volume: 5 L to 25,000 L

Specific Power (P/V): 1.20 – 4.50 kW/m³

Volumetric k_La: 80 – 320 h⁻¹

Kolmogorov Eddy Scale (η): ≥ 22 μm

OpenFOAM Engine: twoPhaseEulerFoam + nonNewtonianIcoFoam with MRF

Key Engineering Advantages:

Eliminates rheological “cavern formation” in non-Newtonian broths with apparent viscosity > 2,500 cP
Dual-zone hydrodynamic regime: high shear gas dispersion at sparger, gentle macro-mixing at top
Optimized torque distribution reducing mechanical shaft deflection by 42%
Enhanced heat transfer coefficients along the jacketed vessel wall

Target Biology & Cell Lines:

Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Penicillium)High-cell-density Streptomyces actinobacteriaXanthan gum and microbial polysaccharide productionHigh-solid biomass and precision fermentation slurries

Torus / Taylor-Couette Bioreactor (TCR)

TCR-SHEAR

Ultra-homogeneous, controlled Taylor-vortex flow for adherent cells

An annular cylindrical or closed curved toroidal geometry where fluid is driven by rotating concentric cylinders or gentle external recirculation loops. Forms stable Taylor-vortex rings that provide perfectly uniform, predictable shear stress distributions without localized high-shear hotspot peaks.

Flow Regime: Homogeneous Couette Ring

Typical Volume: 1 L to 500 L

Specific Power (P/V): 0.10 – 0.45 kW/m³

Volumetric k_La: 35 – 160 h⁻¹

Kolmogorov Eddy Scale (η): ≥ 110 μm

OpenFOAM Engine: pimpleDyMFoam (Sliding Mesh / Taylor-Couette AMI)

Key Engineering Advantages:

Extremely narrow shear stress probability distribution — zero localized lethal peaks
Preserves delicate microcarrier-cell attachments and prevents premature bead detachment
High surface-to-volume ratio facilitating homogeneous membrane oxygenation
Precise control over boundary layer thickness for shear-dependent cellular differentiation

Target Biology & Cell Lines:

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) on microcarriersCAR-T and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)Endothelial and vascular tissue engineering constructsShear-triggered continuous biocatalytic membranes

Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)

MABR-O2

Bubble-less counter-diffusion oxygenation with 100% transfer efficiency

A de novo bioreactor utilizing submerged hollow-fiber gas-permeable membranes (silicone or polymethylpentene). Pure oxygen or enriched air is pressurized inside the membrane lumen and diffuses molecularly into an attached biofilm or bulk broth without bubble formation, foaming, or sparger shear stress.

Flow Regime: Bubble-less Counter-Diffusion

Typical Volume: 5 L to 10,000 L

Specific Power (P/V): 0.08 – 0.35 kW/m³

Volumetric k_La: 50 – 240 h⁻¹

Kolmogorov Eddy Scale (η): ≥ 145 μm

OpenFOAM Engine: buoyantBoussinesqPimpleFoam + Membrane Mass Diffusion

Key Engineering Advantages:

100% oxygen transfer efficiency with zero off-gas waste and zero bubble bursting shear
Completely eliminates headspace foam and chemical antifoam consumption
Counter-diffusion biofilm regime: high oxygen at substratum, high substrate at bulk
Up to 80% reduction in aeration energy compared to fine-bubble sparging

Target Biology & Cell Lines:

Ultra-fragile mammalian & insect cell expressions (e.g., Baculovirus/Sf9)Nitrifying biofilms (Anammox, Nitrosomonas)Wastewater COD/nitrogen polishing biofilmsStrictly aerobic high-value metabolic biotransformations

3. Fundamental Transport Physics & Mass Transfer Modeling (k_La)

Rather than treating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La) as an empirical bulk average, Bioflo calculates local gas-liquid interfacial area and liquid film transfer resistance continuously across 3D mesh volumes:

1. Local Liquid Film Mass Transfer Coefficient (Higbie / Danckwerts Surface Renewal):

        kL = (2 / √π) · √(DO2 · s) ≈ 2 · √[ (DO2 · ε1/3) / (π · ν1/2) ]
      

Where D_O₂ is oxygen molecular diffusivity (2.1 × 10^-9 m²/s), ε is local turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (m²/s³), and ν is kinematic viscosity.

2. Specific Interfacial Area via Population Balance (PBM):

        a(&mathbf;x, t) = (6 · αg) / d32,    with    d32 = C · (σ / ρL)0.6 · ε-0.4
      

Where α_g is local gas holdup fraction, d₃₂ is the Sauter mean bubble diameter solved via Luo-Svendsen coalescence/breakup kernels, and σ is interfacial tension.

Aeration (vvm)	P/V (kW/m³)	Gas Vel U_g (m/s)	Gas Holdup α_g	Bubble d₃₂ (mm)	Area a (m²/m³)	Predicted k_La (h^-1)	Max OTR (mmol/L/h)
0.10 vvm	0.25	0.003	3.8%	4.8 mm	47.5	47.9 h^-1	12.8
0.25 vvm	0.50	0.008	7.4%	4.1 mm	108.3	132.6 h^-1	35.5
0.50 vvm	1.00	0.016	12.6%	3.4 mm	222.4	328.3 h^-1	88.0
0.75 vvm	1.80	0.024	17.2%	2.9 mm	355.9	615.0 h^-1	164.8
1.00 vvm	2.50	0.032	21.8%	2.5 mm	523.2	1017.1 h^-1	272.6
1.50 vvm	3.80	0.048	28.5%	2.1 mm	814.3	1817.5 h^-1	487.1

4. Hydrodynamic Shear Stress & Kolmogorov Microscale Mapping

In cell culture and precision bioprocessing, hydrodynamic shear is the limiting factor determining maximum agitation and aeration rates. Turbulent energy dissipates across a hierarchy of eddies down to the Kolmogorov length scale (η):

Kolmogorov Eddy Length Scale Formulation:

        η = [ ν3 / ε ]1/4,    with Eddy Velocity    uη = (ν · ε)1/4
      

Hydrodynamic Damage Criterion: When turbulent eddy scale η is smaller than cell diameter (η ≤ d_cell), micro-eddies directly shear and rupture cellular membranes. Bioflo designs custom de novo impellers and draft tubes such that η ≥ 2.5 d_cell throughout the entire vessel volume.

Organism / Expression System	Cell Size (d_cell)	Critical Eddy Size (η_crit)	Max Allowable Shear	Biological Sensitivity	Recommended De Novo Vessel
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Adherent on Microcarriers)	18 μm	≥ 95 μm	0.45 Pa	Ultra-Sensitive	Torus / Taylor-Couette Reactor or Concentric Airlift
Mammalian CHO-K1 / HEK293 (Suspension Cell Line)	14 μm	≥ 45 μm	1.85 Pa	Moderate	Concentric Draft-Tube Airlift or Low-Shear Elephant Ear Vessel
Plant Cell Suspension (Taxus chinensis – Paclitaxel)	65 μm	≥ 130 μm	0.30 Pa	Ultra-Sensitive	Concentric Draft-Tube Airlift (No mechanical impeller)
Filamentous Fungi (Aspergillus niger / Trichoderma reesei)	8 μm	≥ 20 μm	6.50 Pa	Robust	Asymmetric High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller Bioreactor
Recombinant Bacteria (Escherichia coli BL21)	2 μm	≥ 8 μm	18.00 Pa	High Shear Required	Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR) or Dual-Impeller

5. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) & Continuous Reactor Performance

In continuous bioreactors and oscillatory plug-flow systems, quantifying the residence time distribution via transient tracer CFD pulse injection ensures uniform nutrient exposure and eliminates channeling:

Airlift Loop Reactor (ALR)

Mean Retention Time (τ): 1800 s

Peclet Number (Pe): 14.2

RTD Variance (σ_θ²): 0.141

Dead Zone Fraction: 1.4%

Short-Circuit Ratio: 0.8%

Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

Mean Retention Time (τ): 900 s

Peclet Number (Pe): 86.4

RTD Variance (σ_θ²): 0.023

Dead Zone Fraction: 0.6%

Short-Circuit Ratio: 0.1%

Novel High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller (CSTR Cascade)

Mean Retention Time (τ): 2400 s

Peclet Number (Pe): 6.8

RTD Variance (σ_θ²): 0.294

Dead Zone Fraction: 1.8%

Short-Circuit Ratio: 1.2%

6. De Novo Structural Validation & Novel Topology Screening Matrix

Validating unproven structures computationally saves hundreds of engineering hours and physical machining iterations. The table below outlines Bioflo’s structured verification cases for novel bioreactor topologies:

Case ID	Structural Topology	Reactor Type	Predicted k_La	Kolmogorov η	Dead Volume	Mesh Count	Tooling Verdict
ST-01	Internal Concentric Draft-Tube with Spherical Bottom Clearance	Airlift Loop Reactor (ALR-CDT)	145 h^-1	≥ 82 μm	0.9%	2.85M cells	PASS – Validated for Tooling
ST-02	Periodic Tri-Orifice Constriction Matrix with Oscillatory Boundary	Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR-CFD)	420 h^-1	≥ 38 μm	0.4%	4.2M cells	PASS – Validated for Tooling
ST-03	Asymmetric Dual-Rotor Viscous Cavern Disrupter	Novel High-Viscosity Reactor (HVR-ASYM)	260 h^-1	≥ 26 μm	1.1%	5.1M cells	OPTIMIZED – Geometry Refined
ST-04	Narrow-Gap Annular Cylinder with Taylor Vortex Rings	Taylor-Couette Reactor (TCR-SHEAR)	95 h^-1	≥ 118 μm	0.3%	3.4M cells	PASS – Validated for Tooling
ST-05	Submerged Hollow-Fiber Counter-Diffusion Grid	Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR-O2)	180 h^-1	≥ 155 μm	0.8%	6.8M cells	PASS – Prototype Feasible
ST-06	3D-Printed Helical-Channel Macro-Fluidic Wave Reactor	Helical Macro-Fluidic Bioreactor (HMF-3D)	115 h^-1	≥ 92 μm	0.5%	3.1M cells	PASS – Validated for Tooling

7. OpenFOAM® Case Setup & Solver Dictionaries

For client reproducibility and transparent computational verification, our simulation cases are executed using standard OpenFOAM® solvers:

constant/phaseProperties
Eulerian multiphase population balance and interfacial drag/mass transfer physics for de novo bioreactors

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
| \\      /  F ield         | Version:  v2312                                 |
|  \\    /   O peration     | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
|   \\  /    A nd           | Case:     De Novo Bioreactor Multiphase Euler   |
|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      phaseProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

type    multiphaseEuler;

phases (water air);

water
{
    type            purePhaseModel;
    diameterModel   constant;
    constantCoeffs
    {
        d               1e-3;
    }
    residualAlpha   1e-6;
}

air
{
    type            purePhaseModel;
    diameterModel   populationBalance;
    populationBalanceCoeffs
    {
        populationBalanceModel  bubbles;
        sizeGroups
        (
            f0 { d 0.0010; }
            f1 { d 0.0020; }
            f2 { d 0.0035; }
            f3 { d 0.0055; }
            f4 { d 0.0080; }
        );
        coalescenceModels
        (
            Luo
            {
                type    Luo;
                C       1.0;
            }
        );
        breakupModels
        (
            Luo
            {
                type    Luo;
                C       1.0;
            }
        );
    }
    residualAlpha   1e-6;
}

blending
{
    default
    {
        type            linear;
        minFullyContinuousAlpha.water 0.7;
        minPartlyContinuousAlpha.water 0.5;
        minFullyContinuousAlpha.air   0.7;
        minPartlyContinuousAlpha.air   0.5;
    }
}

interfacialComposition
{
    speciesTransfer
    (
        O2InWater
        {
            type            massTransferRate;
            from            air;
            to              water;
            species         O2;
            massTransferModel HigbiePenetration;
            HigbiePenetrationCoeffs
            {
                diffusivity     2.1e-9; // D_O2 in water (m²/s)
                exposureTime    surfaceRenewal; // local sqrt(nu / epsilon)
            }
        }
    );
}

drag
{
    (water in air)
    {
        type    SchillerNaumann;
        residualRe 1e-3;
    }
    (air in water)
    {
        type    Grace;
        residualRe 1e-3;
    }
}

virtualMass
{
    (air in water)
    {
        type    constantCoefficient;
        Cvm     0.5;
    }
}

heatTransfer
{
    (air in water)
    {
        type    RanzMarshall;
    }
}

constant/transportProperties
Non-Newtonian rheology models (Herschel-Bulkley, Bird-Carreau) for fungal/microbial fermentations

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
| \\      /  F ield         | Case: Non-Newtonian Bioreactor Broth Rheology   |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      transportProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

phases (water air);

water
{
    transportModel  HerschelBulkley;

    HerschelBulkleyCoeffs
    {
        nu0         1.0e-3;     // Zero shear kinematic viscosity (m²/s)
        nuInf       1.0e-6;     // Infinite shear kinematic viscosity (m²/s)
        k           0.045;      // Consistency index (Pa*s^n / rho)
        n           0.42;       // Flow behavior index (shear-thinning pseudoplastic)
        tau0        0.85;       // Yield stress (Pa / rho)
    }

    rho             1050;       // Broth density (kg/m³)
}

air
{
    transportModel  Newtonian;
    nu              1.48e-5;    // Air kinematic viscosity (m²/s)
    rho             1.205;      // Air density (kg/m³)
}

sigma               0.072;      // Gas-liquid surface tension (N/m)

system/fvSchemes
High-resolution second-order bounded discretization schemes for interface tracking and species mass transfer

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| =========                 | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
| \\      /  F ield         | Case: High-Resolution Discretization Schemes    |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "system";
    object      fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

ddtSchemes
{
    default         Euler;
}

gradSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear;
}

divSchemes
{
    default         none;
    div(rhoPhi,U)   Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
    div(phi,alpha)  Gauss vanLeer;
    div(phirb,alpha) Gauss interfaceCompression;
    div(phi,k)      Gauss limitedLinear 1;
    div(phi,omega)  Gauss limitedLinear 1;
    div(phi,O2)     Gauss limitedLinear 1;
}

laplacianSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear corrected;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
    default         linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
    default         corrected;
}

Have a Novel Bioreactor Structure to Validate?

Whether you are prototyping pneumatic airlift loops, oscillatory baffled continuous columns, or hollow-fiber counter-diffusion chambers, Bioflo provides end-to-end 3D CFD modeling and structural feasibility proof-of-concept.

Schedule Design Consultation

Direct engineering inquiries: ajit@bioflo.in

De Novo Bioreactor & Custom Novel Reactor Design: Advanced Structural Validation & Multiphase CFD Simulations

1. Structural Validation of Novel Bioreactor Geometries (The De Novo Mission)

2. Novel Bioreactor Archetypes & Structural Hydrodynamic Regimes

Concentric Draft-Tube Airlift Bioreactor

Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

Asymmetric High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller Bioreactor

Torus / Taylor-Couette Bioreactor (TCR)

Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)

3. Fundamental Transport Physics & Mass Transfer Modeling (k_La)

4. Hydrodynamic Shear Stress & Kolmogorov Microscale Mapping

5. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) & Continuous Reactor Performance

Airlift Loop Reactor (ALR)

Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

Novel High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller (CSTR Cascade)

6. De Novo Structural Validation & Novel Topology Screening Matrix

7. OpenFOAM® Case Setup & Solver Dictionaries

Have a Novel Bioreactor Structure to Validate?

BioFlo

Scientific Apps

Engineering & Android

Contact & Inquiries

BioFlo

Scientific Apps

Engineering & Android

Contact & Inquiries

De Novo Bioreactor & Custom Novel Reactor Design: Advanced Structural Validation & Multiphase CFD Simulations

1. Structural Validation of Novel Bioreactor Geometries (The De Novo Mission)

2. Novel Bioreactor Archetypes & Structural Hydrodynamic Regimes

Concentric Draft-Tube Airlift Bioreactor

Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

Asymmetric High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller Bioreactor

Torus / Taylor-Couette Bioreactor (TCR)

Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)

3. Fundamental Transport Physics & Mass Transfer Modeling (kLa)

4. Hydrodynamic Shear Stress & Kolmogorov Microscale Mapping

5. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) & Continuous Reactor Performance

Airlift Loop Reactor (ALR)

Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR)

Novel High-Viscosity Dual-Impeller (CSTR Cascade)

6. De Novo Structural Validation & Novel Topology Screening Matrix

7. OpenFOAM® Case Setup & Solver Dictionaries

Have a Novel Bioreactor Structure to Validate?

BioFlo

Scientific Apps

Engineering & Android

Contact & Inquiries

BioFlo

Scientific Apps

Engineering & Android

Contact & Inquiries

3. Fundamental Transport Physics & Mass Transfer Modeling (k_La)