The Pressure-Volume Scaling Paradox in Stirred-Tank Bioreactors: Decoupling Power-to-Volume (P/V), Hydrostatic Gradients, and Headspace Overpressure
Resolve the pressure-volume scaling paradox in stirred bioreactors: liquid head hydrostatic gradients (ρgh), bubble expansion, pCO2 accumulation, and P/V.
